How are you guys going about making Component Resources? I'm searching a good mixture of wanting to allow less experienced Pulumi developers to use a predefined resource component to create something fast within the department's rules, and also allowing more experienced Pulumi developers to be able to configure the resource more specifically to their liking.

Not speaking for Pulumi specifically, but what you could do (and what we do with another tool) is to template each resource and define defaults wherever possible. It's a lot of work, but it ensures everyone can use it and resources are created the same way each time while still allowing experienced developers to customize a resource to their needs (within the templates)