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They don't relate.

depends_on

adds a resource-level dependency: if the dependent resource is being deleted, then the dependency resource is deleted first.

parent

adds hierarchy to the resource graph. Lines in

pulumi preview

output, and in the Pulumi webapp, show parent-child relationships. By default, opts of parents are inherited by children, unless opts are explicitly provided to children (which I strongly recommend, as implicit opts cause all sorts of hard-to-debug problems).

Thanks. Is there a way to visualise the hierarchy defined by the

depends_on

property in the web app in a similar way to how I view the "parent" hierarchy? It's often the dependency defined by

depends_on

that matters and I missed deps, which cost me time to realise.

Not easily. You can export the state and look at the property in there. In addition to explicit dependencies via that opt, there's all the dependencies through properties (all the Inputs you pass into a resource's constructor), plus it's not a tree-style graph (it allows fan-in and fan-out, as opposed to parent-child, which is fan-out only), so it's pretty messy to visualize. Generally you don't need to though, as Pulumi takes care of that for you. If you delete X that's dependent on Y, then Pulumi will delete Y first. If it can't, it won't delete X (and it'll report an error).