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you can explicitly preview with: `pulumi preview`  you can also auto-approve preview and apply changes with `pulumi up -y`

So I have to make sure that everything in my code is idempotent? I have procedures in my code that can take quite a while and if I make them idempotent it will be twice the time.

Yes. You can also issue
```--skip-preview```

Yes, that’s the trade off.  Pulumi allows you to develop infrastructure as code using proper programming languages instead of YAML (AWS cloudformation)  or bespoke  languages like HCL (terraform) but the downside is you have to be careful in your design

What are you doing that takes a long time?

If you're doing complex orchestration, something like Runtime API might make sense: <https://github.com/pulumi/pulumi/issues/3901>

Would be great to hear more about your use case on that issue.

So let's take as an example `google cloud function` .
In order to deploy it, I have to zip it first. This zipping process can take some time if for example I have 10-20 functions in my service.
And then I have to double that time, because pulumi executes twice.

My options are to just live with this or implement md5 hash checking of zip files.