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Have you had the chance to read the programming model docs on

apply

? https://www.pulumi.com/docs/intro/concepts/programming-model/#apply You should never need to wait on an output.

apply

is the way to transform an output (an async future value) into a different format or structure for use with another resource.

No, I didn't see it yet, thank you. But as I realised elsewhere, since only security groups need to exist at the time instances are getting created, and security rules can be created/managed later, I'm not really locked by creation order as I thought I was, so I don't really need the async stuff. I think ;)