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Is there a way to get an existing VPC by its name instead of the ID?

you can filter by tags instead of id, name is exposed as a tag

What function and arguments you use to filter by tags?

dont have any example off hand, but you could use getVPC:
<https://www.pulumi.com/registry/packages/aws/api-docs/ec2/getvpc/>

the filters argument supports any aws api filter:
<https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/APIReference/API_DescribeVpcs.html>