OK, I'll start the TS questions. (Forgive my potentially incorrect terminology; gently correct me where needed.) I understand that properties of a class like

aws.ec2.Instance

are of type Input. How does one take the result of a function like

aws.getAmi

(which is a Promise, AIUI) and use it to specify a value for a property?

If you look at the docs, you will usually find example usage. In this case use

pulumi.output(aws.ec2.getAmi())

to get the value of Input type

I did find that in an example, thanks. I've also seen references to needing to use the

.apply

method and an arrow function in order to access the

.id

property of the Output. Can you provide a high-level explanation of whether this is indeed required and why?

mostly Input type is used to reference other resources. In some cases (e.g. when you need JSON / string construction) you may need access to raw value. That is where you will want to use

.apply

https://pulumi.io/reference/programming-model.html#outputs

if you need some more examples of apply let us know

Yes, some examples of times when you need to use

.apply

would be helpful, thanks!